The ACCISS Study has published a number of papers in renowned journals and on our website. Below you will find a non-exhaustive list of these studies, and other papers, which are complimented by the tools developed as part of the ACCISS Toolkit.

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Prices People Pay for Glargine Insulin: A snapshot of the price of glargine in 47 countries | Briefing Note

A. Ewen, M. Lepeska

Type 1 diabetes in 2017: global estimates of incident and prevalent cases in children and adults | Article

A. Green, S. Hede, C. Patterson, S. Wild, G. Imperatore, G. Roglic, D. Beran

Insulin price components: case studies in six low/middle-income countries | Article

D. Ball, M. Ewen,  R. Laing, D. Beran

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Insulin prices, availability and affordability in 13 low-income and middle-income countries | Article

M. Ewen, H-J. Joosse, D. Beran, R. Laing

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A perspective on global access to insulin: a descriptive study of the market, trade flows and prices | Article

D. Beran, R.O. Laing, W. Kaplan, R. Knox, A. Sharma, V. J.Wirtz, J.Frye, and M. Ewen.

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The importance of insulin donations for children in 43 low- and middle-income countries | Article

H. V. Hogerzeil, S. Recourt 

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Production costs and potential prices for biosimilars of human insulin and insulin analogues | Article 

D. Gotham, M. J. Barber, A. Hill

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Estimation of global insulin use for type 2 diabetes, 2018-30: a microsimulation analysis | Article 

S. Basu, J. S. Yudkin, S. Kehlenbrink, J. I. Davies, S. H. Wild, K. J. Lipska, J. B. Sussman, D. Beran

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The role of biosimilar manufacturers in improving access to insulin globally | Article 

C.Perrin, M. Ewen, D. Beran

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Challenges constraining access to insulin in the private sector market of Delhi, India | Article | Appendix

A. Sharma, W. Kaplan

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Why Are We Failing to Address the Issue of Access to Insulin? A National and Global Perspective. | Article

D. Beran, I.B. Hirsch, J.S. Yudkin

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Other Reports and Papers

The Development of a National Diabetes Programme in Tanzania  | Report | Policy Brief
The report examines Lessons learnt in the transition from a donation supported
project towards sustainable diabetes diagnosis and care.

Guidelines for the Procurement of Insulins and Associated Supplies  | Guidelines 
The report looks at the supply of donated insulin through corporate social responsibility and other programmes by the three main insulin-producing companies.

Diabetes Self-Monitoring Devices in Low- and Middle-Income Countries  | Report | Fact Sheet

To better understand the barriers to access to diabetes self-monitoring devices, the ACCISS Study, together with FIND, the global alliance for diagnostics, commissioned a report by the Clinton Health Access Initiative (CHAI) that outlined the current issues with access to self-monitoring devices.

Company and Company Supported Programmes with a Component of Donated Insulin in LMICs  | Report 
The report looks at the supply of donated insulin through corporate social responsibility and other programmes by the three main insulin-producing companies.

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Insulin Users’ Perspective Profile | Report |  Infographics: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6
This report focuses on the issues and complexities of insulin use and access to insulin from the perspective of those living with diabetes. For this profile, 36 people who use insulin were interviewed in 11 countries, including the United States, Thailand, Mali and Tanzania.

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Biosimilar Insulin Regulatory Profile | Report (update) | Fact Sheet
The Biosimilar Insulin Regulatory Profile discusses the regulatory pathways and challenges faced by companies seeking marketing authorisation for insulin biosimilars, particularly in highly-regulated markets such as the European Union (EU) and the United States (US).  It also includes a case study of two manufacturers who sought marketing authorisation from the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for insulin products.

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Access to Insulin: Challenges and Constraints |  Report
The ACCISS Study has completed its first phase of work, which aimed to gain an overall understanding of the insulin market through different profiles. These included profiles on the insulin market, intellectual property, insulin trade, prices, and taxes and tariffs. The main lessons from this work are presented in this report.

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Insulin Patent Profile | Fact Sheet | Report | Article
This profile uses data from various sources, including the United States Food and Drug Administration’s Orange Book and Health Canada, to determine the patent status of analogue and human insulins, and whether patents are a barrier to accessing insulin.

Insulin Trade Profile | Fact Sheet | Report | Annexes: 3 – 4 – 5 – 6 – 7 – 8
From available trade databases and published literature, this profile maps the global trade of retail insulin and bulk insulin to show importing and exporting countries and their importance in global insulin trade. Countries that import insulin from only one country, making them vulnerable to possible disruptions in supply, are also identified.

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Insulin Prices Profile | Fact Sheet | Report
This profile analyses government procurement prices for insulin, patient prices and affordability of insulin in the public and private sectors, and insulin reimbursement prices. A time-series analysis of insulin prices listed in Management Sciences for Health International Drug Price Indicator Guide is also provided.

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Insulin Tariffs and Taxes Profile | Fact Sheet | Report
This profile describes import tariffs on retail insulin and bulk insulin over time, and identifies countries that continue to apply high tariff levels. It also identifies countries that apply value-added tax on insulin.

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Insulin Market Profile | Fact Sheet | Report
This profile identifies insulin manufacturers and countries where their products are registered and/or sold,  the inclusion of insulin in national essential medicines lists, insulin product registration data, recent studies on the efficacy and safety of analogue and human insulin, and an estimate of the rate of insulin consumption for people with type 2 diabetes.